The alternating struggles for political independenceinBrazil essays

The alternating struggles for political independenceinBrazil essays The alternating struggles for political independence in Brazil and Cuba. One may be stating the obvious by saying that both Cuba and Brazil are both Latin American countries when asked to make a comparison between the two. But this is one of a very shortlist of similarities between these two very alternating countries and this is mirrored in fact in their very different struggles for political independence. Although both struggles were long and arduous, they stemmed from very different origins. Brazils struggle has roots firmly planted in its geographical history aswell as its geographical positioning, while Cuba on the other hand relies firmly on its political activism and civilian opposition and uprising to gain its political independence. From the landing of the first Europeans in Brazil in the sixteenth century the countries abundance of natural resources was immensely obvious, but this is not to say that Cuba was not rich in resources also but it came nowhere near to sharing the natural wealth Brazil gleamed with and as a result did not rely on its natural resources as a stepping stone to gain a political utopia. The first resource to be tapped by the new inhabitants of Brazil was the short-lived and short-sighted mining of mercury. It was unbeknownst to the people at the time however that the mercury would cause serious health implications in centuries to come, causing political uproar due to poisoning of remote Indian tribes. However, oddly enough the first mercury mine was found in Peru and named the potosi mine. It was however a very small mine by todays standards which used mita or forced labour, and had very primitive mining tools so needless to say it was closed less than a half century after its opening in the 1620s. Brazils mercury mining however stood the test of time in the more remote areas and on a very small scale had kept going until the early 1800s when its health h...

Creative Metaphor - Definition and Examples

Creative Metaphor s A creative metaphor is an original comparison that calls attention to itself as a figure of speech. Also known as a  poetic metaphor, literary metaphor, novel metaphor, and unconventional metaphor.  Contrast with conventional metaphor  and dead metaphor.  American philosopher Richard Rorty characterized the creative metaphor as a challenge to established schemes and conventional perceptions: A metaphor is, so to speak, a voice from outside logical space. It is a call to change ones language and ones life, rather than a proposal about how to systematize them (Metaphor as the Growing Point of Language, 1991). Examples and Observations Her tall black-suited body seemed to carve its way through the crowded room.(Josephine Hart, Damage, 1991)Fear is a slinking cat I findBeneath the lilacs of my mind.(Sophie Tunnell, Fear)The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.(Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro)Yeatss Dolphin-torn . . . SeaThose images that yetFresh images beget,That dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea.(W.B. Yeats, Byzantium)- Although this last line is acutely visual, its three main items, dolphin, gong and sea are as much literal as metaphoric elements of the scene: the poem had begun with the cathedral gong ringing out over the sea, and had gone on to speak of the dolphins in the waters around Byzantium. Of course, dolphin and gong also stand for something elsethe vitality of the living animal, the majesty and authority of religion over the spirit, but they do this primarily as images. Direct metaphor is reduced to a subordinate position here, in the words torn and tormented, since neither of them can literally be applied to water. The first very vividly catches the force with which the dolphin leaps from and returns to its elements. The second communicates the extent to which that element is troubled by the demands of the spiritual.(Stan Smith, W.B. Yeats: A Critical Introduction. Rowman Littlefield, 1990)- By using metaphors, much more can be conveyed, through implication and connotation, than through straightforward, literal  language. Take the case of . . . that literary metaphor dolphin-torn: what exactly is Yeats suggesting about the sea, and how else could this have been expressed? Just as writers convey meaning more open-endedly when they use metaphorical language, readers interpret less narrowly than they would literal language. So meaning is communicated between writer and reader in a less precise way, even though the metaphors may seem concrete and vivid. It is this imprecision, this fuzziness of meaning, which makes metaphor such a powerfu l tool in the communication of emotion, evaluation, and explanation too.(Murray Knowles and Rosamund Moon, Introducing Metaphor. Routledge, 2006) Creative Metaphors Outside LiteratureThe chaotic category creative metaphor includes typically literary examples such as novel metaphors and poetic metaphors. The crucial question is, however, whether it is possible to extend this category beyond literary examples. If this is possibleand an examination of the terms creative and creativity suggests that it isthen it will be possible to find many creative metaphors even in political discourse which is, actually, not very famous for being creative.(Ralph Mueller, Critical Metaphors of Creative Metaphors in Political Speeches. Researching and Applying Metaphor in the Real World, ed. by Graham Low, Zazie Todd, Alice Deignan, and Lynne Cameron. John Benjamins, 2010)Communicating Through Metaphors- Even though our individual stories are different, we communicate through the common language of metaphor by embodying our ideas in images and details. By ruminating upon ourselves, we also conjure stories of others. By this acknowledgment of othe rs experiences, we address a whole range of social, political, and cultural issues.Its impossible to live every life, fight every war, battle every illness, belong to every tribe, believe in every religion. The only way we come close to the whole experience is by embracing what we see both inside and outside the window of the page.(Sue William Silverman, Fearless Confessions: A Writers Guide to Memoir. University of Georgia Press, 2009)- The ground of appropriateness for a new insight provided by a creative metaphorthe compelling condition of the new similarity, what suggests that it fitscannot be restricted to a complex of established perspectives. For it is this complex, or some part of it, that is challenged by the new insight.(Carl R. Hausman, Metaphor and Art. Cambridge University Press, 1989)   See also: MetaphorLove Is a MetaphorThirteen Ways of Looking at a MetaphorUsing Similes and MetaphorsWhat Is a Metaphor?

History of New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of New York City - Essay Example Most of the names drawn were that of Irish people, whose opposition to the Civil War became all the more pronounced in 1863. The blacks were exempted from this enlistment. This is what triggered the Draft Riots in 1863. The Irish men foresaw the 'freeing of slaves' as detrimental to their work, position and power. The liberated slaves of the south would now occupy the northern markets as cheap labor and take the place of the Irish men. This was one of the major factors, which made the Irish anti-abolitionists. The violent Irish would do anything to safeguard their low wage jobs. New York was the epicenter of the Draft Riots in the year 1863. (Burrows and Wallace, 883). The angry rioters burnt down several buildings on the Third Avenue, Lexington Avenue and 52nd Street. The violent outbursts affected the businesses and properties of many. The attack on the Steinways & Son factory was one such case, which is hardly dwelt upon in previous accounts of the Draft Riots. An Irish settlement near Central Park was burnt down. Fighting continued into the next day on the 1st and 2nd Avenues and 21st street. Some vehicles were seen on the road. A few shops also resumed their services. A large military unit comprising 6000 soldiers combined with a thunderstorm weakened the force of the rioters to a great extent. Peace was restored on July 17th with a speech by the Archbishop Hughes's to mark the occasion. The death toll estimated was approximately 119 and 195 were reported injured. Steinway & son The mass migration which took place in the 19th century saw a major inflow of people from European countries to New York and the United States of America. One such family was that of Steinways. (Steinway: Immigration, Family Business, Neighborhood. A New York Story, 2001). The Zollverein was formed in 1834 to encourage free trade. Most of the German states joined the Zollverein. Owing to tariffs on iron and textile goods, the north-western German states refrained from joining. This hit the Steinways (known as Steinweg then) and other manufacturers hard, as they were required to pay heavy duties for transporting their goods to the north. In the middle of the 1850's, the infected potato crop in Ireland had a disastrous impact on German crops. Agricultural decline, agitation, and a poor economy led many Germans to seek for better opportunities in America. (Lieberman, 35-37) With stricter regulations on trade, the piano making business of the Steinways suffered much and they decided to leave their village Seesen in Germany for America. Charles, one of the sons of Henry E. Steinway, left for America in 1849. With trade and business becoming all the more difficult and the failed February Revolution of 1848, in which Charles participated, the decision to leave for America became indispensable. (Ehrlich, 48) The development of various shipping companies and cheaper travel fares in the 19th century had brought many people to America. A cultural and manufacturing hub of America, New York attracted many immigrants, amongst which Steinway's family deserves special mention. A leading center of piano production, New York held a lot of promise for the Steinways. This was the